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1. What is the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)? Origin: Proposed by economist Simon Kuznets (1950s) for income inequality; later applied to environmental issues (1990s) Core Idea: As a country’s economy grows: Pollution initially increases (industrializa...

1. Sustainability Indicators (The "Thermometers") Indicators are specific, numerical metrics that provide a snapshot of sustainability performance. Key Examples: Carbon Footprint: Total CO₂ and GHG emissions (direct + indirect) Example: 1-hour flight ≈ 250 ...

1. Case Study 1: Mahogany Project in Bastar (MVAPL) Overview: Project Type: Agroforestry with fast-growing mahogany trees on community land Participants: Smallholder farmers Promise: Share of revenue from carbon credits via carbon sequestration Implementa...

1. What are Carbon Credits? Definition: A certificate representing 1 ton of CO₂ avoided or removed from the atmosphere. Purpose: Allow emitters to offset their emissions by funding reduction projects elsewhere. Types of Markets: Compliance Market: Regula...

1. Why Companies Report on Sustainability Drivers: Stakeholder Pressure: Customers, investors, regulators demand transparency Risk Management: Address climate risks, social issues, supply chain vulnerabilities Regulatory Compliance: Increasingly mandatory ...

1. Importance of ESG Ratings ESG scores, climate rankings, and sustainability indices help investors, regulators, and consumers evaluate corporate sustainability performance. Ratings differentiate between companies that are performing vs. pretending. 2. How ...

1. What is a Sustainability Transition? A sustainability transition is a fundamental shift in the way a system (e.g., energy, transport, agriculture, housing) is organized, managed, and experienced. It goes beyond replacing products → involves rethinking enti...

1. Defining the Field Sustainability Transitions (not "sustainable transitions"): Focuses on environmental sustainability, not just financial sustainability. Studies fundamental shifts in systems like energy, food, transport. Involves changes in technology,...

1. What is the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP)? A core analytical framework used to understand how sustainability transitions unfold. Views transitions as interactions between three levels: Niches Regimes Landscapes Adopts a socio-technical systems app...

1. Core Insight Technological change is necessary but not sufficient for sustainability transitions. Systems are socio-technical, involving more than just tools: Technology (e.g., solar panel, electric bus, composting unit) Infrastructure (e.g., transmissio...

1. Core Concept: Governance ≠ Control Transitions are emergent and contested, not centrally manageable. Governance in transitions is about coordination, facilitation, and enabling—not command and control. Involves multiple actors with different values, capaci...

1. India's Clean Energy Ambition Target: 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030 Includes: Solar, wind, hydro, nuclear, biomass Significance: Global climate leadership Commitment to development goals Energy security 2. Reality Check: Progress vs. ...

1. Understanding Mindful Consumption Definition: Conscious, intentional choices that enhance personal well-being and contribute to climate action. Common Misconception: Seen as restrictive or compromising. Reality: About decluttering lifestyle (home, head,...

1. Defining Wellbeing Oxford Dictionary: "A state of being healthy, happy, and comfortable." Three key pillars: Health Time Money 2. Health: Beyond Personal Choices While personal habits matter (diet, sleep, exercise), external factors play a major...

1. Taking the Pledge: From Resolution to Practice QR Code Access: Join a dedicated WhatsApp group to commit to one mindful shift. Problem with Resolutions: Often fail due to: Lack of like-minded community Absence of motivation/nudges Dilution after 2–3 wee...

Interview Summary: Key Themes & Takeaways 1. Origins of Paryavaran Mitra Started as a college competition idea at IRMA on waste management in Tier-2 cities. Focused on rag-picking sisters as micro-entrepreneurs. Connected with Gandhi Ashram’s Mano Sadhana NGO...

1. Grassroots Activism & Network Climate Action Sharon Lavin (Louisiana, USA): School teacher turned activist fighting toxic industries. Concept: Network Climate Action (Marianne Krasney) – small relational actions that scale through networks to create cult...