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Overview Foreign aid and investment play a crucial role in the recovery and development of post-conflict countries. They can help establish conditions for sustainable peace by addressing conflict causes, reinforcing state capacity, spurring economic growth, an...

International Relations (IR) refers to the interactions among sovereign states in the global political system. It encompasses the study and analysis of these interactions, often referred to as international affairs, international politics, or international stu...

Sovereignty Sovereignty is indeed a fundamental concept in the field of international relations (IR) and plays a central role in shaping the behavior and interactions of states in the global arena. Here are some key points to elaborate on the role of sovereign...

Key Concepts and Principles: State -Centrism: Realism places the state at the center of international relations. States are considered the primary actors, and their interests, power, and security are paramount. Anarchy: Realists believe that the internatio...

Meaning Realism is a theory of international relations that emphasizes the self-interested pursuit of power and security by states in an anarchic world. Realism argues that states are the primary actors in international relations, and they act to maximize thei...

Meaning Liberalism is an international relations theory that highlights the importance of cooperation, international institutions, and shared values as pathways to achieving peace and prosperity in the global arena. Liberals assert that states can cooperate ef...

Meaning Constructivism is a theory of international relations that emphasizes the role of ideas, norms, identities, and social constructs in shaping state behavior and the international system. Constructivists argue that states are not solely driven by materia...

Marxism Focus: Marxism emphasizes economic factors as the primary driving force in international relations. It argues that class struggle between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class) is the central dynamic. Economic inequali...

International organizations are entities that are established by two or more countries to achieve common goals. They can be intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), which are composed of government representatives, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs), whic...

Aspect United Nations (UN) International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) What is it? International organization for peace, security, cooperation, and development. International financial institution. International financial...

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, cooperation, and development among nations. It is comprised of member states from around the world and serves as a forum for diplomatic negotiations, conflict ...

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization established in 1944 with the primary goal of promoting global monetary cooperation, ensuring exchange rate stability, facilitating balanced trade among member countries, providing resources...

The World Bank is an international financial institution founded in 1944 with the primary mission of reducing global poverty and promoting sustainable economic development in low- and middle-income countries. It comprises two main institutions: the Internation...

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization established in 1995 to regulate and facilitate international trade among its member countries. It provides a framework for negotiating and implementing trade agreements, settling trade dispute...

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of 4,233,255 km2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 448 million. The EU has often been descr...

International political economy (IPE) is a multidisciplinary field of study that examines the political and economic interactions between countries. It draws on insights from economics, political science, history, and sociology to understand the ways in which ...

UNICEF, which stands for the United Nations Children's Fund, is a United Nations agency that focuses on promoting the rights and well-being of children worldwide. UNICEF was established in 1946 to provide emergency aid to children affected by World War II, and...

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is another prominent non-governmental organization (NGO) that focuses on the promotion and protection of human rights globally. Founded in 1978, HRW operates as an independent watchdog organization that investigates and reports on huma...

Founding and Mission Amnesty International was founded in 1961 by British lawyer Peter Benenson. The organization's inspiration came from Benenson's outrage over the imprisonment of two Portuguese students who were arrested for raising a toast to freedom in a ...

WWF, which stands for the World Wide Fund for Nature, is one of the world's largest and most well-known conservation organizations. Established in 1961, WWF focuses on addressing environmental challenges and promoting the conservation of biodiversity and the s...