Iconography in Indian Temple Architecture

Introduction

Here we will focus on iconography, the art of idol making, which is a crucial aspect of Indian temple architecture. We will also explore the principles and techniques involved in creating idols that are both aesthetically pleasing and spiritually significant.

The Art of Idol Making

Iconography requires a deep understanding of the relative proportions of different body parts, such as the eyes, ears, chin, neck, forehead, and limbs. Skilled artisans use this knowledge to create idols that appear lifelike and evoke a sense of devotion in worshippers. Vastu texts provide detailed guidelines on these proportions for both male and female figures, ensuring that the idols are aesthetically pleasing.

Historical Context

Varahamihira, in his Brihat Samhita, outlines five principal heights and lengths for a standard male figure, with similar measurements specified for female figures. These standards have been followed in Indian idol making for centuries, ensuring continuity and consistency in the artistic tradition.

Contemporary Relevance

Even today, many Vastu shastra experts are well-versed in iconography and continue to create beautiful idols (vigrahas) and sculptures. Vastu texts utilize these standards to establish proportions and discuss iconographic details, emphasizing the importance of adhering to these principles.

Conclusion

Iconography is an essential aspect of Indian temple architecture, requiring a deep understanding of human anatomy, aesthetics, and spiritual significance. The knowledge and practice of iconography continue to thrive, ensuring that the artistic and spiritual traditions of idol making are preserved for future generations.