Ayurveda's Approach to Health

Philosophical Foundation

Ayurveda borrows philosophical concepts from two major schools of philosophy: Vaisheshika and Sankhya.

Sankhya Philosophy

Sankhya philosophy identifies 24 elements that constitute an individual. Ayurveda uses this framework to understand human anatomy and psychology. The Sushruta School of Ayurveda particularly focuses on the Sankhya version.

Vaisheshika Philosophy

Vaisheshika philosophy categorizes all objects in the world under six categories (padarthas): Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Vishesha, and Samavaya. The Dravya (substance) category includes nine subcategories: Prithvi (earth), Ap (water), Tejas (fire), Vayu (air), Akasha (ether), Kala (time), Dik (direction), Atma (soul), and Manas (mind). When these substances connect with the senses (indriyas), they become sentient beings (chetana dravyas).

Importance of Philosophical Knowledge for Ayurvedic Practitioners

An Ayurvedic practitioner must have knowledge of either Sankhya or Vaisheshika philosophy to effectively treat patients. These philosophies provide the foundation for understanding health and disease in Ayurveda.