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Introduction to Bond
A bond is a debt investment where an investor loans money to an entity (corporate or governmental...
Performance calculation methods
1. Sharpe's Ratio Sharpe's ratio is a tool used to help investors understand the return of an inv...
Evaluation of Portfolio
Portfolio evaluation is a crucial part of the investment management process that involves assessi...
Portfolio Revision
Portfolio revision involves the process of reviewing and adjusting the components of an investmen...
Selection of Securities
The selection of securities is a critical process in building an investment portfolio. It involve...
Formulation of Portfolio Strategy
Formulating a portfolio strategy is a fundamental process in investment management that involves ...
Selection of Asset Mix
The selection of an asset mix is a critical step in investment strategy. It involves deciding the...
Specification of Investment Objectives and Constraints
Investment objectives and constraints form the cornerstone of any effective investment strategy. ...
Capital Market Line and Security Market Line
Capital Market Line (CML) The Capital Market Line (CML) is a graphical representation used in the...
Arbitrage Pricing Theory
Arbitrage Pricing Theory, developed by Stephen Ross in 1976, is a multi-factor asset pricing mode...
Capital Asset Pricing Model
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a foundational finance theory that describes the relati...
Return and Risk on Portfolio
Portfolio Return Portfolio return is the overall gain or loss achieved by a combination of invest...
Definition and Assumptions of Modern Portfolio Theory
Definition Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), introduced by Harry Markowitz in 1952, provides a frame...
Tax free incomes
In India, taxpayers often seek ways to reduce their tax liability through various exemptions prov...
Incidence of tax
The concept of tax incidence is a fundamental aspect of tax policy and economics, addressing a ke...
Overview of basic Concepts
1. Assessee Definition: An "assessee" is any person who is liable to pay taxes or any other sum ...
Computation of taxable income
Example Calculation Suppose the Gross Annual Value (GAV) of a property is ₹3,00,000. Municipal ta...
Deductions from annual value
(i) There are two deductions from annual value. They are: 30% of NAV; and Interest on borrowed...
Behavioural Finance
Behavioral finance is a field of study that combines psychological theories with conventional eco...
Efficient Market Theory
Introduction Stock prices are influenced by a variety of factors which can be categorized into: ...