The Administrative Setup in Arthashastra

Introduction

Here we will explore the administrative setup described in Kautilya's Arthashastra, providing insights into the organizational structure and mechanisms for running a state. We will highlight the various departments, officials, and their roles in public administration.

King and Cabinet

The administrative setup starts with the king and his cabinet, including:

• King and his family (queens, crown prince, princesses)
• King's advisors (teacher, family priest, officiating priests)
• Personal circle (royal scribe, soothsayers, astrologers)

This unit is comparable to the Prime Minister's Office or the President's Secretariat in modern governments.

Palace Administration

This department manages the administrative aspects of the palace, including:

• Maintaining the king's schedule
• Personal security
• King's daily life

Defense Unit

This unit comprises the armed forces responsible for:

• Protecting the state from external threats
• Conquest and expansion of territory

Treasury

This department manages the state's finances and resources, including:

• Collecting various items (gems, grains, oil, armory)
• Storing and safeguarding the treasury

It functions similarly to a modern Department of Finance.

Revenue and Law and Order

This department focuses on:

• Financial planning and budgeting
• Taxation and revenue collection
• Security and welfare of citizens

It also regulates civilian activities like agriculture, mining, and manufacturing.

Other Departments

Arthashastra proposes various other departments with specialized functions, including:

• Trade and Industry
• Mining
• Land Use and Livestock
• Citizen Services
• Shipping and Movement

Salary Structure

Arthashastra provides detailed information on the salaries of government employees, ranging from 48,000 to 60 panas annually.

Conclusion

Arthashastra presents a comprehensive and well-organized administrative setup with various departments and officials responsible for different aspects of governance. This structure highlights the importance of planning, coordination, and specialized expertise in public administration.