Verbs and Prefixes in Sanskrit

Introduction

• This section emphasizes the importance of verbs.
• Everything revolves around the verb because action is the basis for language.

Role of Verbs

• If there is no action, there is no need for language.
• The previous discussion established the verb's importance in karakas.
• Language is only required because we engage in action.
• Several aspects of linguistics revolve around action.

Derived Noun Roots

• Several noun roots are derived from verb roots in Sanskrit.
• This makes verbs even more important.
• Many nouns originate from verbs.

Synonyms

• Sanskrit has several synonyms for a word.
• Synonyms are derived from a dhatu (verbal root).
• Knowing the dhatus enables us to understand synonyms and their unique meanings.

Increase in power of language

• Understanding this concept and the signifcance of action significantly increases the power of the language.
• We can choose the most appropriate synonym for the context.

Knowing Verbs

• We need to know the verbs and their origins.

Example: Fire

• Derive fire from the verb to show several possibillities.

• Several synonyms for fire possible from "kr"" root.

• Several verbs can be derived.

• vahni:

  • Derived from the dhatu vah (to carry).
  • Use when fire is a carrier (e.g., ahuti being offered).

• pavakah:

  • Derived from the dhatu pun (to purify).
  • Remove “pu", meaning to purify
  • Use when discussing fire as a purifying agent.

• susma:

  • Dhatu is sush (to dry or shrink).
  • Use when talking about heat evaporating water or shrinking organic objects.

• dahanah:

  • Dhatu is dah (to convert or burn to ashes).
  • Use when communicating fire's power to burn objects.

Appropriateness of Verbs

• Knowing these verbs is very important.
• Using the right verb conveys the meaning precisely.
• Using the correct and the appropriate Verb helps the other understand what the message should be!

Verbs and Prefixes

• Diagram shows "kr" dhatu and its forms.
• apa-karoti, upa-karoti, ut-karoti, pra-karoti, prati-karoti, pratyupa-karoti, anu-karoti, sams-karoti, vyakaroti, nira-karoti, adhi-karoti.
• "kr" means "to do".

Effect of Prefixes

• Attaching a prefix changes the meaning.

• Prefix and Suffix

  • We have already been talking about suffix and the operation. *We are gonna talk about Prefix now"" *Prefix and Meanings

• apa-karoti:

  • apa means away.
  • apa-karoti means take it away.

• upa-karoti:

  • upa means closer.
  • upa-karoti means bring it near (help).

• nira-karoti:

  • nira means opposite.
  • nira-karoti means disagree.

Power of Prefixes

• Attaching prefixes increases the power and scope of verbs.
• There are 22 prefixes in Sanskrit.
• These can make the verb even more expressive and powerful.

Effects on Meaning

• Strengthening or Emphasizing:

  • "smarati" (remembers).
  • "sam-smarati" (remembers very well).

• Expanding or Improvising:

  • "karoti" (does) with different prefixes (upa, apa, etc.).

• Bringing Opposite Meaning:

  • "karoti" (does).
  • "prati-karoti" (nullifying it).
  • Gacchati (going), Aagacchati: comes (opposite direction) know that kind of things

Prefix Usage

• It gives opposite meaning.
• You can attach more than one prefix to get the Power to be stronger.

Verbs and Language Power

• Verbs can be converted into nouns.
• Create synonyms to give expressive power.
• Attaching prefixes enhances the scope of verbs.
• Meaning, improvise, strengthen, emphasize and makes Language to be very powerful

Summary

• These features are unique to Sanskrit.
• The way we use verbs are very powerful in the Sanskrit Language.